Age-related macular degeneration
Updated: Aug 31, 2022
Apa itu AMD ? AMD atau age related macular degeneration merupakan suatu kondisi hilangnya tajam penglihatan akibat rusaknya area makula karena usia. Kondisi ini merupakan penyebab utama hilangnya tajam penglihatan pada pasien di atas 60 tahun. Macula merupakan area kecil di retina tetapi berperan besar dalam penglihatan. Macula tersusun oleh jutaan sel konus fotoreseptor yang sangat berperan untuk penglihatan sentral, detail, dan warna.
Seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, deposit zat sisa metabolism penglihatan akan banyak tertumpuk di polus posterior dan merusak integritas lapisan retinal pigment epithelial macula. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan permanen disertai penipisan area macula (geographic atrophy) atau retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) Gejala seperti apa yang dirasakan oleh pasien? Gejala yang paling sering dirasakan adalah adanya bayangan hitam yang menutupi tengah penglihatan (scotoma) atau perubahan bentuk dan ukuran bayangan (metamorphopsia). Pada stadium lanjut, tajam penglihatan menurun drastic secara permanen.
Apakah ada pengobatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperlambat perburukan penyakit ini? Penurunan fungsi sel akibat usia tidak dapat dihindari. Meskipun demikian, telah banyak penelitian yang memperlihatkan hasil perbaikan tajam penglihatan pada sebagian kasus. Penyuntikan
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